{"id":1205,"date":"2022-03-22T17:27:50","date_gmt":"2022-03-22T16:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.archives.nat.tn\/?page_id=1205"},"modified":"2023-10-18T14:47:39","modified_gmt":"2023-10-18T13:47:39","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b8%d8%a9-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.archives.nat.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b8%d8%a9-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u00a0<\/h5>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 1881:<\/p>\n

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-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 1861
\u00a0– \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u00a0\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c
-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 :\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 18\u00a0\u0648 19.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/u><\/h5>\n

\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647 “\u0628\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629” \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u06291874 . \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

–<\/u>\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>“A” <\/strong>:<\/u>
\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 17879 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f.\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e.<\/p>\n

–<\/u>\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>“B” <\/strong>:<\/u><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 1769 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a.\u00a0<\/p>\n

–<\/u>\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>“B1” <\/strong>:<\/u>
\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 5306 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u00a0\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u00a0<\/strong>“C” :
<\/strong>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 1695 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u00a0\u00a0\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646.\u00a0<\/p>\n

–<\/strong>\u00a0<\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>“C1” :<\/strong>
\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 2854 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u00a0\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

–<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/u>“C2” :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 2215 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646..<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1430.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u00a0<\/strong>“D” :<\/strong>
\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 11437 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u00a0.<\/p>\n

–<\/strong>\u00a0<\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>“D1” :<\/strong>
\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 325 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

–<\/strong><\/u>\u00a0<\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>“E” :<\/strong>
\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a 18019 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u00a0\u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

–<\/strong><\/u>\u00a0<\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/u>“F” :<\/strong>
\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a 980 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u00a0:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

–<\/strong>\u00a0<\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/u>“G” :<\/strong>
\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 433 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629…\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

–<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>\u0627<\/strong><\/u><\/a>\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/u>“K” :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 254 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0<\/strong><\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/strong>“L” :<\/strong>
\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u00a0\u0645\u0646 2039 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

–<\/strong><\/u>\u00a0<\/u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/u>“MN” :<\/strong>
\u062a\u0636\u0645 268 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u00a0\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u00a0\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0644\u0640\u0633\u0640\u0644<\/strong>\u0627\u062a<\/strong> “SG”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1883 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627. \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0630\u0641\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1922 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629.1933<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062e\u2026 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 216.7\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0627 (2167 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062aSG \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
<\/strong>SG1<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr>
SG2<\/td>\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
<\/strong>SG3<\/td>\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/td><\/tr>
SG4<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
SG5<\/td>\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/td><\/tr>
SG6<\/td>\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/td><\/tr>
SG7<\/td>\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
SG8<\/td>\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
SG9<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
SG10<\/td>\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/td><\/tr>
SG11<\/td>\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
SG12<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
SG13<\/td>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
SG14<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
SG15<\/td>\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0646<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/div>
\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 1 JT1<\/div>\n

\u062a\u0636\u0645 1880 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0646….
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<\/div>
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\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2001 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 8282 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2002 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 ((M3<\/div>\n

\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0635\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 8306 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064f \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2006 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n

.<\/div>

\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0641\u0635\u0629((M4<\/div>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 230 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1901 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1963. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a ((M5<\/div>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629.\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 5225\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2005.<\/p>\n<\/div>
\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a((M6<\/div>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 10218 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u06292004\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 ((M7<\/div>\n

\u0631\u062d\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2002.\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 1854 \u06481976 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 3629 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0636\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629(M8)<\/div>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 M8 \u0639\u0644\u0649 1225 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1883 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1956.\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 (M9)<\/div>\n

\u0631\u062d\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u06292008\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 24 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1931\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u0633\u0646\u0629 1966<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 RJH<\/div>\n

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\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 RDF<\/div>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 792\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f 4\/2002.\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 RN<\/div>\n

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\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 REC<\/div>\n

\u062a\u0636\u0645 906 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f 37\/2008\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

-\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 99 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627<\/p>\n

– \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647 153 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627<\/p>\n

-\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 654 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 1881: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u00a0: \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 4668 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 16 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u00a019)\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 6 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u00a0:-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 1861\u00a0– \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u00a0\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1205","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 - 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